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CITRUS—MORPH—BASIC MORPH—CO DOM—CO DOMINANT
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C,M,B,CITRUS,MORPH,BASIC MORPH,CO DOM,CO
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ALBINO MORPHS
Recessive color mutation ALBINO CLOWN = ALBINO X CLOWN ALBINO GHOST = ALBINO X HYPO ALBINO PASTEL = ALBINO X PASTEL ALBINO SPIDER = ALBINO X SPIDER STRIPED ALBINO = GENETIC STRIPE X ALBINO SNOW BALL = ANANTHIC /ALBINO X ANANTHIC /ALBINO AXANTHIC MORPHS Recessive color mutation AXANTHIC PASTEL = AXANTHIC X PASTEL SNOWBALL = AXANTHIC / ALBINO X AXANTHIC / ALBINO AXANTHIC BLACK PASTEL = AXANTHIC X BLACK PASTEL BANANA BALL/ CORAL GLOW/ WHITE SMOKE Co-dominant color mutation BANANA CLOWN = BANANA X CLOWN CORAL BEE – CORAL GLOW X SPIDER CORAL PASTEL / BANANA PASTEL = CORAL /BANANA X PASTEL BANDED/REDUCED PATTERN/TIGER Dominant, co-dominant pattern mutation Reduced banded albinos = banded x albino Zebra pastels = banded x pastel BLACK BACK / BLACK STRIPE Dominant, co-dominant pattern mutation Trait is not reliable has not been proven to be genetically inheritable. Compatible with: ALBINOS PASTELS HYPOS BLACK HEADED BALL MORPHS Dominant, co-dominant pattern & color mutation New mutation, well established back striping with good side blushing and clear belly. It is unknown if there is a super form. BLACK PASTEL / SUPER BLACK PASTEL Co-dominant and pattern mutation / Dominant color and pattern mutation AXANTHIC BLACK PASTEL = AXANTHIC X BLACK PASTEL BLACK PASTEL PEWTER = BLACK PASTEL X PASTEL JUNGLE SUPER BLACK PASTEL = BLACK PASTEL X BLACK OR CINNAMON PASTEL SILVER BULLET = BLACK PASTEL X PEWTER SILVER STREAK / SUPER PASTEL PEWTER = PEWTER X PASTEL BURGUNDY BALL MORPHS Recessive color mutation These are reddish chocolate color on a yellowish-brown background. They display no black and the extreme form is reddish. Often they are referred to as chocolate hypos. Breeders recognize their potential, but they remain a mystery. BUTTERBALL MORPHS Dominant color mutation HYPO BUTTERS = BUTTER X HYPO PASTEL BUTTERS = BUTTER X PASTEL BUTTER BEE / SPUTTER BALL = BUTTER X SPIDER CALICO/SUGAR/WHITE-SIDED BUBBLEGUM Co-dominant color and pattern mutation Calico ball pythons have patches of white scales emerging from their bellies and along the sides. While they are young, they contain areas of pink; however, as the snake matures those areas turn white. It is believed that there is more than one line of Calicos. There is a continued debate among breeders as to whether this is one, or more traits existing co-dominantly. More breeding is required to confirm or disprove this debate. CAMOUFLAGE / SUPER CHOCOLATE BALL Co-dominant color and pattern mutation The Camouflage Ball is the Super form of the Chocolate Ball. There is one in existence at this time, but hidden. CARAMEL ALBINO / AXANTHIC ALBINO Recessive color mutation T+ Tyrosinase positive albino. The common Albino is T- PASTEL CARAMEL = PASTEL X CARAMEL ALBINO CARAMEL GLOW = HYPO / CARAMEL ALBINO X HYPO /CARAMEL ALBINO CINNAMON PASTEL / SUPER CINNAMON MORPHS Co-dominant color and pattern mutation / dominant pattern & color mutation CINNABEE = CINNAMON PASTEL X SPIDER SILVER BULLET = PEWTER PASTE. X CINNAMON PASTEL STERLING PASTEL = PEWTER PASTEL X PASTEL JUNGLE PEWTER PASTEL = CINNAMON PASTEL X PASTEL JUNGLE SUPER CINNAMON = CINNAMON PASTEL X CINNAMON PASTEL CINNAMON YELLOW BELLY = CINNAMON PASTEL X YELLOWBELLY/HET IVORY THE SUPER FORM OF THE CINNAMON PASTEL OR BLACK PASTEL IS A PATTERN-LESS, ONE-COLORED, BLACKISH DARK BROWN BALL PYTHON CLOWN BALL PYTHON Recessive pattern and color mutation ALBINO CLOWN = ALBINO X CLOWN PASTEL CLOWN = PASTEL X CLOWN BANANA CLOWN = BANANA X CLOWN DESERT GHOST BALL PYTHONS Recessive color mutation No designer morphs created with this mutation to my knowledge (pls update if you have current info). ENCHI PASTEL/ ENCHI SUPER PASTEL Co-dominant color and pattern mutation / Dominant color and pattern mutation Not your regular pastel; a totally separate mutation with reduced patterns, bright yellow color on the sides and lots of blushing along their backs and sides. Stinger bee = enchi pastel x spider Super enchi pastel – enchi pastel x enchi pastel FIREBALL /HET BLACK-EYED LEUCISTIC Co-dominant color mutation Fireball is the visual heterozygous form of the Super fire/black-eyed leucistic often referred as a co-dominant hypo. They have a hypo looking yellow color and a very distinct blushed out head marking. BLACK-EYED LEUCISTIC / SUPER FIREBALL Dominant color mutation The Super Fire or Black-eyed Leucistic is the homozygous or Super form of the Fireball/Heterozygous black-eyed luecistic (lucy) The Super Fire is an almost totally white snake with black eyes and red pupils. GENETIC STRIPE MORPHS Recessive pattern mutation STRIPED ALBINO = GENETIC STRIPE X ALBINO STRIPED PASTEL = GENETIC STRIPE X PASTEL GRANITE BALL MORPHS Co-dominant pattern mutation EBONY BALL = YELLOW BELLY X GRANITE GRANITE MOJAVE = MOJAVE X GRANITE GRANITE PASTEL = PASTEL X GRANITE HYPO BALL PYTHONS Hypo/Ghost: Recessive color mutation ALBINO GHOST = ALBINO X HYPO HYPO MOJAVE = MOJAVE X HYPO PASTEL HYPO = PASTEL X HYPO HYPO PINSTRIPE = PINSTRIPE X HYPO HYPO BUTTER = BUTTER BALL X HYPO HONEY BEE / HYPO SPIDER = SPIDER X HYPO CARAMEL GLOW = CARAMEL ALBINO X HYPO SUPER PASTEL HYPO = PASTEL X PASTEL X HYPO IVORY / YELLOW BELLY / SUPER GOBLIN Dominant color mutation The Ivory is the homozygous-super form of the Yellowbelly/ het Ivory, sometimes called Goblin. Ivories are white snakes with thin yellow stripes on their backs. They are similar to the Lucies. LAVENDER ALBINO Recessive color mutation LAVENDER ALBINO PIED = LAVENDER ALBINO X PIEBALD LESSER PLATINUM BALL Co-dominant pattern and color mutation KING PIN = LESSER PLATINUM X PINSTRIPE LESSER BEE = LESSER PLATINUM X SPIDER LESSER HYPO = LESSER PLATINUM X HYPO LESSER WOMA = LESSER PLATINUM X WOMA QUEEN BEE = LESSER PLATINUM X SPIDER X PASTEL BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC = LESSER PLATINUM X PLATINUM, LESSER PLATINUM X LESSER PLATINUM, LESSER PLATINUM X PHANTOM AND LESSER PLATINUM X MOJAVE LESSER PASTELS = LESSER PLATINUM X PASTEL (ALSO BLOND AND LEMON) *PLATINUM BALL (PLATTY DADDY) Dominant color and pattern mutation BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC = PLATINUM X LESSER PLATINUM LESSER PLATINUM = PLATINUM X NORMAL Leucistic Morphs (PLEASE UPDATE) MOJAVE / SUPER MOJAVE MORPHS Co-dominant color and pattern mutation / Dominant color and pattern mutation HYPO MOJAVE = HYPO X MOJAVE SPIDER MOJAVE = SPIDER X MOJAVE GRANITE MOJAVE = GRANITE X MOJAVE (PASTAVE) PASTEL MOJAVE = PASTEL X MOJAVE CRYSTAL BALL = ABERRANT FEMALE X MOJAVE YELLOW BELLY MOJAVE = YELLOW BELLY X MOJAVE BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC =MOJAVE X LESSER PLATINUM BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC = MOJAVE X RUSSO LINE HET LEUISTIC SUPER MOJAVE / BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC = MOJAVE X MOJAVE STRIPED HARLEQUIN MOJAVE = STRIPED HARLEQUIN X MOJAVE HYPO SUPER MOJAVE = HET HYPO SUPER MOJAVE X HET HYPO SUPER MOJAVE PASTEL JUNGLE / SUPER PASTEL Co-dominant color mutation / Dominant color mutation ALBINO PASTEL = PASTEL X ALBINO BANANA PASTEL/PASTEL CORAL GLOW = PASTEL X BANANA/CORAL GLOW BUMBLE BEE = PASTEL X SPIDER CARAMEL PASTEL = PASTEL X CARAMEL ALBINO PASTEL CLOWN = PASTEL X CLOWN PASTEL HYPO = PASTEL X HYPO PASTEL LESSER PLATINUM = PASTEL X LESSER PLATINUM PASTEL MOJAVE = PASTEL X MOJAVE PASTEL PIED = PASTEL X PIEBALD PASTEL PINSTRIPE/LEMON BLAST = PASTEL X PINSTRIPE PASTEL SPIDER = PASTEL X SPIDER PASTEL WOMA = PASTEL X WOMA PASTEL YELLOW BELLY = PASTEL X YELLOW BELLY/HET IVORY PEWTER = PASTEL X CINNAMON PASTEL OR BLACK PASTEL SUPER PASTEL = PASTEL X PASTEL SUPER PASTEL HYPO = SUPER PASTEL X HYPO WANNA BEE SPIDER = PASTEL X SPIDER X LESSER PLATINUM ZEBRA PASTEL = PASTEL X REDUCED PATTERN PHANTHOM / SUPER PHANTOM Co-dominant color and pattern mutation / Dominant color and pattern mutation BLUE-EYED LEUCISTICS = PHANTOM X LESSER PLATINUM PHANTOM YELLOW BELLY(GOBLIN) = PHANTOM X YELLOW BELLY PHANTOM PASTEL = PHANTOM X PASTEL SUPER PHANTOM = PHANTOM X PHANTOM SUPER PHANTOM GOBLIN = PHANTOM GOBLIN X PHANTOM GOBLIN PIEBALD MORPHS Recessive color and pattern mutation LAVENDER ALBINO PIED = LAVENDER ALBINO X PIEBALD PASTEL PIED = PASTEL JUNGLE X PIEBALD SPIDER PIED = SPIDER X PIEBALD PINSTRIPE MORPHS Dominant color and pattern mutation Chocolate pinstripe = pinstripe x chocolate Kingpin = pinstripe x lesser platinum Lemon blast = pinstripe x lemon pastel Pinstripe hypos = pinstripe x hypo Spinner ball = pinstripe x spider Spinner blast = pinstripe x spider x pastel HETEROZYGOUS RED AXANTHIC/RED AXANTHIC Co-dominant color and pattern mutation / Dominant color and pattern mutation. Pastel het red Axanthic = pastel x het red ananthic Red axanthix = het red Axanthic x het red axanthic RUSSO LINE MORPHS Referred to as High yellow lemon balls these are the Russo line of visible het blue-eyed leucistics. They have a high yellow color with a lot of lateral blushing and a clear white belly devoid of markings. *RUSSO LINE HET LEUCISTIC Co-dominant color mutation BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC/WHITE DIAMOND = HET LEUCISTIC X HET LEUCISTIC *BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC = HET LEUCISTIC X MOJAVE RUSSO LINE BLUE-EYED LEUCISTIC Dominant color mutation SABLE / SUPER SABLE MORPHS Co-dominant color mutation / Dominant color mutation The sable trait is the only recognized and known genetically inheritable hypermelanistic mutation. Sables are visible heterozygous Balls and the Super sable is the homozygous form of this trait. SPIDER MORPHS Dominant color and pattern ALBINO SPIDER = ALBINO X SPIDER BUMBLE BEE = SPIDER X PASTEL BUTTER BEE= SPIDER X BUTTERBALL CINNABEE = SPIDER X CINNAMON CORAL BEE = SPIDER X PASTEL X CORAL GLOW FADED ALBINO SPIDER = SPIDER X FADED ALBINO HONEY BEE = SPIDER X HYPO KILLER BEE = SPIDER X SUPER PASTEL LESSER SPIDER = SPIDER X LESSER PLATINUM PIED SPIDER = SPIDER X PIEBALD QUEEN BEE = SPIDER X PASTEL X LESSER PLATINUM SPIDER MOJAVE = SPIDER X MOJAVE SPIDER FIRE = SPIDER X FIREBALL SPIDER PIED = SPIDER X PIEBALD SPINNER WOMA = SPIDER X WOMA SPINNER BALL = SPIDER X PINSTRIPE WANNA BEE = SPIDER X PASTEL X WOMA YELLOW BELLY SPIDER = SPIDER X YELLOW BELLY SPOT NOSE / SUPER SPOT NOSE = POWER BALL Co-dominant pattern mutation / Dominant pattern mutation The Spot-nose has a jungle type pattern. The head is blushed and there is a large yellow spot on the rostral scales SUPER SPOT-NOSE = SPOT NOSE X SPOT NOSE THUNDER /VANILLA BALL Co-dominant color mutation Thunder Balls are the visible heterozygous forum of the lightening or Super Vanilla Ball LIGHTENING /SUPER VANILLA BALL Dominant color mutation The Lightening or Super Vanilla Ball is the homozygous form of the Thunder or Vanilla Ball. LIGHTENING/SUPER VANILLA = THUNDER/VANILLA X THUNDER VANILLA HYPO SUPER VANILLA = VANILLA X HYPO WOMA BALL MORPHS Dominant or co-dominant pattern mutation Womas have reduced patterns, faded head markings, yellow on their upper lips and clear bellies. The Super Woma is considered to be the Pearl Ball. PEARL = WOMA X WOMA WANNA BEE = WOMA X SPIDER X PASTEL WOMA LESSER = WOMA X LESSER PLATINUM WOMA PASTEL = WOMA X PASTEL WOMA SPIDER = WOMA X SPIDER YELLOW BELLY / HETEROZYGOUS IVORY / GOBLIN Co-dominant pattern mutation EBONY = YELLOW BELLY X GRANITE FIRE YELLOW BELLY = YELLOW BELLY X FIRE BALL IVORY = YELLOW BELLY X YELLOW BELLY MOJAVE YELLOW BELLY = YELLOW BELLY X MOJAVE PHANTOM YELLOW BELLY = YELLOW BELLY X PHANTOM SUPER STRIPE = YELLOW BELLY X ABERRANT STRIPE SUPER PHANTOM YELLOW BELLY = PHANTOM YELLOW BELLY X PHANTOM YELLOW BELLY YELLOW BELLY SPIDER = YELLOW BELLY X SPIDER YELLOW BELLY PASTEL = YELLOW BELLY X PASTEL YELLOW BELLY SUPER PASTEL = YELLOW BELLY X PASTEL X PASTEL *******************NOTE************* recessive morphs bred together will produce double hets that look Normal.... If you breed the double hets together there is 1 in 16 chance of producing the double morph. __________________ |
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Carpet
Python Base Morphs
Citrus Tiger
Photo by Zach Baez
Owned by Eric Burke of EB Morelia
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PASTEL_JUNGLE_BALL_PYTHON
Scientific Name: Python regius
Common Name: Ball Python
Morph: Pastel Jungle
Genetics: Color Mutation - Co-Dominant ( NERD )
Common Name: Ball Python
Morph: Pastel Jungle
Genetics: Color Mutation - Co-Dominant ( NERD )
The Pastels are a co-dominant
gene........meaning that when you breed a Pastel to a normal..........you will
produce Pastels the first time. Now..........with that said.........when you
breed two Pastels together you can produce "SUPER Pastels "!!! This
is a very fast way to produce "morphs".
The Pastels are very pretty ball pythons.............they
lack most of the brown coloration that a normal ball has...........and replace
it with beautiful shades of yellow and orange. They are quite variable in color
and pattern and the amount of "black flecking" and "evil
orange" they have on the sides. They have become very popular in the ball
python world because of their beauty and the fact that they are
co-dom...........you can make more really fast!!
What I really like about these guys is
"Back Up".....yes.........lets say you were breeding an albino male
to a normal female to make hets.....but the albino male was not really breeding
the way you would like him to and you really were not sure he did his job
making the female gravid???????....so you take your "Co-dom" trait......your
Pastel (assuming you don't have an arsenal of ALBINO males.....this is just an
example)....and follow the breeding of that same normal female with the co-dom
trait. Lets hope she produces eggs........they hatch...and all are normal
looking. That means they are more than likely het for
albino..........but.............here is the best part........if you produce
"Pastels" in the clutch...........then that means there is no doubt
of who daddy was...........it was the Co-dom daddy!!!!...and your not confused!!
Sure.....most people would just love to
produce Pastels .......and so would I...........but the reliability of having
the co-dom trait to take out the guess work on your breedings is awesome!!!
In other words this gives you a great weapon against guess work.
In other words this gives you a great weapon against guess work.
In the old days......lol......you would
have backed up that "Not so active" male albino with a het albino or
some other simple recessive gene...(assuming again that you do not have an
arsenal of albino males.....this is just an example).....still really not
knowing what the "Normal" looking offspring
were......"hets"????...."poss hets"?????........but when
you see the Pastels then you know.
I know this is not the standard reason to
want a co-dom trait.........but it is my favorite reason to use them......obviously
they are all beautiful!!!!....and your going to produce them anyway. It ain't
so bad thinking you bombed on a simple recessive breeding only to have a Pastel
save your butt......LOL!
The breeding technique I write about above
is not " full proof "............I have proved that it is possible
that a clutch of eggs can be fertilized by two different males.........and
actually show the results in the offspring.......I bred a homozygous Lavender
Albino male AND a homozygous Axanthic male to a homozygous Lavender Albino
female............I produced 4 eggs...........1 of the babies was a Lavender
Albino.........the other three were normal??????..........I would say that the
normals are Double Het for Lavender Albino Snow..........This is not a bad
thing..........but it is not something you want to do if these are going to be
babies that you are selling and stating your reputation on...........it is very
important to know exactly what genes you are producing and
selling!!!!!!!!!..........I would only use the above breeding tip as a last
result..........and even then I would keep the offspring in my collection to
prove out in future breeding seasons..........
~~ URGENT NOTE!! ~~ Be very careful using
multiple males .............since I wrote the above text..........I have proved
yet again that two males can sire the same clutch of eggs............I would
assume that even more than two males could do
this...............so make sure that you know what males you are using and that
you tell your customers ( if your selling ) what the deal is...........I would
recommend not selling anything that you are not totally sure who the Father
is............and again.............if you do..............let the buyer know
what's up and then let them make the decision to purchase or
not.............the "back up" method is fine.............but in my
opinion.............only if you intend to keep the offspring for yourself to
figure out.... 08/06/03.............Ralphie...........;)
I have not the room to write all the
possibilities of combining co-dom with simple recessive genes and other co-dom
genes.........but they really are endless!!!!!! Sure the co-doms will come down
in price quicker than simple recessive......because they can be produced
quicker......and the supply will eventually catch up to the demand.....making
them more affordable quicker........thats why you have to keep combining them
with other morphs...........stay ahead of the competition......:)
As of now ( 2002 )there are three
"types" of Pastel Jungle ball pythons on the market.........The
"Classic" Pastel........the Lemon Pastel...........and the Blonde
Pastel. I believe all three are co-dom.........meaning that when they are bred
together..........1 in 4 should be a "SUPER"...........And for anyone
who does really understand the "Co-Dom" thing...........I will try
and make it easy right now for you.........get ready.........this will be
loooooongggggggggggggggggggg.............
Ok.........we will use the Pastel as an
example...........the reason that we can say that the Pastel Jungle is
Co-Dominant and not plain old "Dominant" is because it has been
"proven" that when two Pastels are bred together, they produce Super
Pastel Jungles.
Now here is the easiest way to get a grip
on all of this.............Pastels are "HETS"........thats
right.........a regular Pastel is a "VISIBLE HET".......meaning that
you can see that it is a het because of it's appearence..............Het for
what?.............Pastels are het for SUPER PASTEL.............
Lets break it down now from the very
beginning.........and we will look at it in "Simple Recessive"
terms.............Lets say you have a Pastel male..........you breed him out to
a few normal females to make more Pastels...........this is exactly like
breeding a het Albino male to a few normal females to make 50% possible
hets.........and here is why??.............When you breed a het Albino male to
a normal female............all the babies will come out completely normal
looking...........lets say you got 4 babies..............2 out of those 4
babies will be het Albino and 2 out of the 4 babies will be
normal............this is why we call them 50% possible hets..........because
we know genetically that 2 out of 4 "half" which equals 50%, will be
het for Albino.
Ok.........lets get back to the
Pastel...........When you breed your Pastel to a normal female and
produce..........lets say 4 babies again............genetically 2 of the 4
babies will be Pastels...........so you will have two beautiful Pastels and 2
normal looking babies.........now guess what?.........Those 2 Pastels that you
just produced are the "hets" and the 2 normals are just
"normal".....Confused yet?
Breeding a Pastel Jungle to a normal
female is the equivalent to breeding a het Albino male to a normal
female..........you get exactly the same results genetically...........Both
males will produce hets............but here is where it gets really
good........remember that your heat Albino male is going to produce 4 babies
that all look normal............and you have to basically guess and hope for
good luck that you pic out the "true hets".........you know they
should be there.........but which ones are they??????...........they all look
the same.........Now the good part...........The Pastel produced 4 babies
...........2 are Pastels..........and 2 are normal...........well ain't that
easy?...........You know your Pastels are the "Het for Supers"
because they are " visible hets" and your normals are just
that..............normal.
So the Co-dom gene takes out all the guess
work...........the Co-dom gene shows it's hets to you in plain
site............."visible hets"............Ok.........I hope you are
following me so far..........because we are almost at the end..............When
breeding two hets together you are hoping to produce the Homozygous form of the
gene...........lets say Albino............we all know that het albino x het
albino will produce hopefully 1 albino in 4 eggs............and it is the exact
same way with the Pastel...............Pastel ( = het for Super Pastel ) X
Pastel ( = het for Super Pastel ) will produce one Super Pastel ( Homozygous )
in 4 eggs........plain and simple..........Pastels are "visible" hets
for SUPER PASTEL..............just like a het albino is a
"non-visible" het for Albino.
So we have gone this far........we should
finish it to the end.............Now that you have your Super
Pastel.........which is the equivalent to having an Albino...........both are
homozygous snakes..........they are the end result snake. You breed a Super Pastel
to a normal you produce a clutch that is ALL "visible
hets"......Pastels...........every baby will be a Pastel if the mother or
father is a Super..............just like every baby will be a het Albino if the
mother or father is an Albino........Now lets go one further...........you
breed your Super Pastel to a Pastel...............4 eggs..........2 should be
Pastel and 2 should be Supers............just like breeding an Albino to a het
Albino............in 4 eggs.........2 should be Albino and 2 will be het
Albino.............and last but not least...........you breed Super Pastel x
Super Pastel............all babies will be Supers!!...........just like
breeding Albino x Albino...............all babies will be Albino.
Now where this can really get sticky is
the debate between what is Co-Dom and what is Dominant..........right now in
the ball python world we look at it like this.............To be
Co-Dom..........the snake has to produce a Super...........to be
Dominant..........the snake does not produce a Super..........it just makes
more of itself.
Shewwwwww.........this should be in the
Genetics section............Enjoy the pics of the Pastels below...........:)
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Ball Python Genetics:
Ball pythons are available in well over
100 color and pattern combinations. There is no animal on earth that has
shown as much genetic variation as ball pythons. Some of the earlier
morphs originated from wild-caught or farm-raised snakes in Africa in the
1990s. Odd-colored or patterned ball pythons were occasionally found and
offered to breeders in the US. Examples of these early morphs are albino,
hypo, clown, caramel albino, axanthic, piebald, and pastel. As the demand
for rare color morphs rose, more morphs were discovered and made their way into
captive-breeding collections. Most of these morphs sold for tens of
thousands of dollars when the first babies became available. As more of
them were produced, their prices dropped. However, every year, new morphs
are produced by combining some of the existing morphs and occasionally, a new
morph is found in Africa and becomes established in collections.
We were the first breeders in the
world to produce the Caramel Albino Spiders (2009) and were among the first to
produce Killer Clowns (2009).
Every year, new combinations are added
together to produce new morphs. Keeping up with all of them can be very
difficult, even for someone who does it full-time! It is extremely
important to understand the genetics behind these morphs, in order to figure
out how to combine them to reproduce them, or to produce new ones. The
information below is a very brief overview of leopard gecko genetics:
Terminology:
Heterozygous (het)- A ball that is listed as a "het" means it is carrying a recessive gene, but not actually showing it. When bred to other geckos showing or carrying the same recessive gene, the visible morph can be produced.
Heterozygous (het)- A ball that is listed as a "het" means it is carrying a recessive gene, but not actually showing it. When bred to other geckos showing or carrying the same recessive gene, the visible morph can be produced.
The Normal (wild-type) ball python is the
dominant type.
Normal x Normal = all Normals
Simple-recessive
Example: Albino
Albino x Albino = all Albino
Albino x Het Albino = 1/2 Albinos and 1/2 Het Albinos
Albino x Normal = all Het Albinos
Het Albino x Het Albino = 1/4 Albinos, 1/4 Normals, and 1/2 Het Albinos. 3 out of 4 babies will come out looking normal, and 2 out of those 3 should come out Hets, so all normal-looking babies would be considered 66% Possible Hets.
Example: Albino
Albino x Albino = all Albino
Albino x Het Albino = 1/2 Albinos and 1/2 Het Albinos
Albino x Normal = all Het Albinos
Het Albino x Het Albino = 1/4 Albinos, 1/4 Normals, and 1/2 Het Albinos. 3 out of 4 babies will come out looking normal, and 2 out of those 3 should come out Hets, so all normal-looking babies would be considered 66% Possible Hets.
Double Recessive:
Combining 2 different recessive genes.
Example: Albino and Piebald
Albino x Piebald = all normals that are Het Albino and Het Piebald- considered Double Het Albino Piebald. You have to breed these double hets to each other to produce a snake that shows both Albino and Piebald traits at the same time- an Albino Piebald.
Double Het Albino Piebald x Double Het Albino Piebald will produce normals, albinos, and piebalds. Each egg has a 1 in 16 chance of producing an Albino Piebald.
Combining 2 different recessive genes.
Example: Albino and Piebald
Albino x Piebald = all normals that are Het Albino and Het Piebald- considered Double Het Albino Piebald. You have to breed these double hets to each other to produce a snake that shows both Albino and Piebald traits at the same time- an Albino Piebald.
Double Het Albino Piebald x Double Het Albino Piebald will produce normals, albinos, and piebalds. Each egg has a 1 in 16 chance of producing an Albino Piebald.
Dominant:
Example: Spider
Spider x Normal = 1/2 Spiders and 1/2 Normals
Spider x Spider = all Spiders
Example: Spider
Spider x Normal = 1/2 Spiders and 1/2 Normals
Spider x Spider = all Spiders
Dominant x Recessive:
Dominant Example: Spider
Recessive Example: Albino
Spider x Albino = 1/2 Spider Het Albinos and 1/2 Normal Het Albinos
Dominant Example: Spider
Recessive Example: Albino
Spider x Albino = 1/2 Spider Het Albinos and 1/2 Normal Het Albinos
To produce Albino Spiders, you have to
breed the following:
Spider Het Albino x Albino = 1/4 Spider Het Albinos, 1/4 Normal Het Albinos, 1/4 Albinos, and 1/4 Spider Albinos
Spider Het Albino x Albino = 1/4 Spider Het Albinos, 1/4 Normal Het Albinos, 1/4 Albinos, and 1/4 Spider Albinos
Co-dominant (incompete-dominant):
This type is dominant to the normal, meaning you can breed it to normals and produce some snakes showing the morph. There is also a super form of co-dominant morphs.
Example: Pastel
Pastel x Normal = 1/2 Pastels and 1/2 Normals
Pastel x Pastel = 1/4 Normals, 1/2 Pastels, and 1/4 Super Pastels
Super Pastel x Normal = all Pastels
Super Pastel x Pastel = 1/2 Pastels and 1/2 Super Pastels
Super Pastel x Super Pastel = all Super Pastels
This type is dominant to the normal, meaning you can breed it to normals and produce some snakes showing the morph. There is also a super form of co-dominant morphs.
Example: Pastel
Pastel x Normal = 1/2 Pastels and 1/2 Normals
Pastel x Pastel = 1/4 Normals, 1/2 Pastels, and 1/4 Super Pastels
Super Pastel x Normal = all Pastels
Super Pastel x Pastel = 1/2 Pastels and 1/2 Super Pastels
Super Pastel x Super Pastel = all Super Pastels
Dominant x Co-Dominant:
Dominant Example: Spider
Co-Dominant Example: Pastel
Dominant Example: Spider
Co-Dominant Example: Pastel
Spider x Pastel = 1/4 Normals, 1/4
Spiders, 1/4 Pastels, and 1/4 Bumblebees (Pastel Spiders)
Super Pastel x Spider = 1/2 Pastels x 1/2 Bumblebees
Bumblebee x Pastel = Normals, Pastels, Super Pastels, Bumblebees, and Killerbees (Super Pastel Spiders)
KillerBee x Pastel=Pastels, Super Pastels, Bumblebees, and Killerbees
Super Pastel x Spider = 1/2 Pastels x 1/2 Bumblebees
Bumblebee x Pastel = Normals, Pastels, Super Pastels, Bumblebees, and Killerbees (Super Pastel Spiders)
KillerBee x Pastel=Pastels, Super Pastels, Bumblebees, and Killerbees
Co-Dominant x Recessive:
Co-Dominant Example: Pastel
Recessive Example: Piebald
Pastel x Piebald = 1/2 Pastels and 1/2 Normals, all of which are Het Piebald.
Co-Dominant Example: Pastel
Recessive Example: Piebald
Pastel x Piebald = 1/2 Pastels and 1/2 Normals, all of which are Het Piebald.
To produce a ball showing both the Pastel
AND Piebald, the one of the following breedings must be done:
Pastel Het Piebald x Piebald = 1/4 Normal
Het Piebalds, 1/4 Pastel Het Piebalds, 1/4 Piebalds, and 1/4 Pastel Piebalds.
Pastel Het Piebald x Pastel Het Piebald =
Normals , Pastels, Super Pastels, Piebalds, Pastel Piebalds, and Super Pastel
Piebalds. All non-Piebalds in this combination would be considered 66%
possible het Piebald.
Pastel Piebald x Pastel Het Piebald =
Normal Het Piebald, Pastel Het Piebald, Super Pastel Het Piebald, Piebald,
Pastel Piebald, and Super Pastel Piebald.
Super Pastel Piebald x Pastel Piebald =
1/2 Pastel Piebald and 1/2 Super Pastel Piebald
Super Pastel Piebald x Super Pastel Het
Piebald = 1/2 Super Pastel Het Piebald and 1/2 Super Pastel Piebald.
Super Pastel Piebald x Super Pastel
Piebald = all Super Pastel Piebalds
Keep in mind that these statistics are "on average". There can be variations within any given clutch of eggs. The more clutches that are produced, the more likely the ratios are likely to come out correct.
There are more complicated scenarios with
double or triple recessives crossed with double or triple co-dominants.
Every generation where new combinations are bred together, the genetics
can get more and more complicated!
Other intersting facts about ball python
genetics:
Blue Eye Leucistics: There are several morphs of ball pythons which
are very closely-related, which are capable of producing Blue Eye
Leucistics. Mojaves, Lesser Platinums, Butters, and Russo-line Het
Leucistics will all produce Leucistics when bred to the same morph or to any of
the others listed. The Mojave x Mojave Leucistics tend to have darker
heads and a little more body coloration, but the other combinations are
usually pure white.
Butters and Lessers are basically the same
morph. There is some variation within the morph and between the morphs,
but they physically look pretty much the same and both produce leucisitcs.
Cinnamons vs Black Pastels: These two morphs have some differences, but
look pretty similar overall. They are closely-related, though.
Super Black Pastels tend to be almost pure black where Super Cinnamons are
usually a deep chocolate brown. Breeding a Cinnamon to a Black Pastel
will produce Supers.
Different Pastel Bloodlines: Pastels originated in several different
breeding programs from imported pastels. Special names were attached to
certain bloodlines, and these bloodlines may have special
characteristics. However, they are all compatible with each other so
genetically, they are the same. A beautiful pastel is a beautiful pastel,
no matter what bloodline it originated from and the same goes for an average or
below average pastel.
Different Albino Bloodlines: There are several different types of albino
ball pythons- typical albinos, caramel albinos, and lavender albinos.
Different genes are responsible for the color of each of these types, and they
are not compatible with each other. If you cross an albino with a
lavender albino, all of the babies will be normal and would be double het for
both types.
Different Axanthic Bloodlines: There are at least 3 different lines of
axanthic ball pythons- Jolliff, SnakeKeeper, and VPI. These are
incompatible with each other. If you breed one to another, normal babies
that are double het for both types will be produced.
Spider "Head Wobble": This term refers to a trait that virtually all
spiders show. In most cases, a spider will show slight movement, or
wobbling of the head when the snake holds its head off the ground. In
more severe cases, the snake may seem to lose orientation when it is excited or
agitated. Nearly all spiders showing this trait live normal, healthy
lives. It seems that the trait is just something we have to live with to
have this beautiful pattern in our collections.
Multiple Males Fathering a Clutch: If more than one male breeds with a female
during a breeding cycle, it is possible for each of them to father part of a
clutch. For example: If a pinstripe and a spider both breed a
single normal female, it is possible for both spiders and pinstripes to be
produced.
Ball Python genetics can definitely be
challenging, but the challenge is a big part of the fun in breeding them.
Breeding new combinations of morphs together can produce some absolutely
amazing animals. The key is to always keep learning. Once you
understand how the genes work, it gets easier to predict that the outcome will
be. Producing all these color morphs is what keeps breeding ball pythons
so fascinating.
Enjoy!
Garrick
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